Nuclear modification of valence-quark distributions and its effects on NuTeV sin^2 theta_W anomaly

We investigated a nuclear modification difference between up- and down-valence quark distributions by analyzing structure function F_2 and Drell-Yan cross-section ratios. Although nuclear modifications of the valence-quark distributions themselves are rather well determined, it is difficult to find their difference from the present data. We estimated such an effect on the NuTeV sin^2 theta_W value and its uncertainty by the Hessian method. At this stage, it is not large enough to explain the whole NuTeV anomaly. However, the modification difference cannot be precisely determined, so that further studies are needed.Comment: 3 pages, LaTeX, 1 eps file, to be published in Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories and Superbeams (NuFact04

Determination of fragmentation functions and their application to exotic-hadron search

We discuss studies on determination of fragmentation functions and an application to exotic-hadron search by using characteristic differences between favored and disfavored functions. The optimum fragmentation functions are determined for pion, kaon, and proton in the leading order (LO) and next-to-leading order (NLO) of the running coupling constant alpha_s by global analyses of hadron-production data in electron-positron annihilation. Various parametrization results are much different in disfavored-quark and gluon fragmentation functions; however, we show that they are within uncertainties of the determined functions by using the Hessian method for uncertainty estimation. We find that the uncertainties are especially large in the disfavored-quark and gluon fragmentation functions. NLO improvements are explicitly shown in the determination by comparing uncertainties of the LO and NLO functions. Next, we propose to use differences between favored and disfavored fragmentation functions for determining internal quark configurations of exotic hadrons. We make a global analysis for f_0 (980) for finding its internal configuration; however, uncertainties are too large to specify the structure at this stage.Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX, 7 eps files, Progress of Theoretical Physics, Supplement in press. Proceedings of New Frontiers in QCD 2010 - Exotic Hadron Systems and Dense Matter -, Jan.18 - Mar.19, 2010, Kyoto, Japa

Determination of gluon polarization from deep inelastic scattering and collider data

We investigate impact of $\pi^0$-production data at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and future E07-011 experiment for the structure function $g_1$ of the deuteron at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) on studies of nucleonic spin structure, especially on the polarized gluon distribution function. By global analyses of polarized lepton-nucleon scattering and the $\pi^0$-production data, polarized parton distribution functions are determined and their uncertainties are estimated by the Hessian method. Two types of the gluon distribution function are investigated. One is a positive distribution and the other is a node-type distribution which changes sign at $x \sim 0.1$. Although the RHIC $\pi^0$ data seem to favor the node type for $\Delta g(x)$, it is difficult to determine a precise functional form from the current data. However, it is interesting to find that the gluon distribution $\Delta g(x)$ is positive at large $x$ ($>0.2$) due to constraints from the scaling violation in $g_1$ and RHIC $\pi^0$ data. The JLab-E07-011 measurements for $g_1^d$ should be also able to reduce the gluon uncertainty, and the reduction is comparable to the one by RUN-5 $\pi^0$-production data at RHIC. The reduction is caused by the error correlation between polarized antiquark and gluon distributions and by a next-to-leading-order (NLO) gluonic effect in the structure function $g_1^d$. We find that the JLab-E07-011 data are accurate enough to probe the NLO gluonic term in $g_1$. Both RHIC and JLab data contribute to better determination of the polarized gluon distribution in addition to improvement on polarized quark and antiquark distributions.Comment: 11 pages, 9 eps figures, To be published in Nuclear Physics B. AAC08 FORTRAN package is available at the web site http://spin.riken.bnl.gov/aac

Nuclear corrections of parton distribution functions

We report global analysis results of experimental data for nuclear structure-function ratios F_2^A/F_2^{A'} and proton-nucleus Drell-Yan cross-section ratios sigma_{DY}^{pA}/sigma_{DY}^{pA'} in order to determine optimum parton distribution functions (PDFs) in nuclei. An important point of this analysis is to show uncertainties of the distributions by the Hessian method. The results indicate that the uncertainties are large for gluon distributions in the whole x region and for antiquark distributions at x>0.2. We provide a code for calculating any nuclear PDFs at given x and Q^2 for general users. They can be used for calculating high-energy nuclear reactions including neutrino-nucleus interactions, which are discussed at this workshop.Comment: 1+6 pages, LaTeX, 10 eps files, espcrc2.sty, to be published in Nucl. Phys. B Supplements, Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions in the Few GeV Region (NuInt04), Gran Sasso, Italy, March 17-21, 2004. Nuclear PDF library is available at http://hs.phys.saga-u.ac.jp/nuclp.htm

Parton distribution functions in nuclei

Optimum nuclear parton distributions are determined by an analysis of muon and electron deep inelastic scattering data. Assuming simple A dependence and polynomial functions of x and 1-x for nuclear modification of parton distributions, we determine the initial distributions by a chi^2 analysis. Although valence-quark distributions are relatively well determined except for the small-x region, antiquark distributions cannot be fixed at medium and large x. It is also difficult to fix gluon distributions.Comment: 1+4 pages, LaTeX2e, ws-p8-50x6-00.cls, 4 eps figures. Talk given at the 9th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering, Bologna, Italy, April 27 - May 1, 2001. To be published in proceedings. Computer codes for the nuclear parton distributions could be obtained from http://hs.phys.saga-u.ac.jp Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Global analysis of AAC for determining polarized parton distribution functions

We report global analysis results for polarized parton distribution functions in the nucleon. The optimum distributions are determined by using spin asymmetry data on polarized lepton scattering on proton, neutron, and deuteron. Their uncertainties are estimated by the Hessian method. As a result, polarized quark distributions are relatively well determined, whereas the polarized gluon distribution has a large uncertainty band. We find that the obtained gluon distribution is compatible with recent \Delta g/g measurements in high-p_T hadron productions.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, to be published in the proceedings of the XVIIth Particles and Nuclei International Conference (PANIC), Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, October 24-28, 200